Interesting Articles
- Java.net J2ME
Tutorial, Part 1: Creating MIDlets (2/05) Java 2 Micro
Edition (J2ME) combines a resource-constrained JVM and a set of
Java APIs for developing applications for mobile devices. This
article is the first in a series. This time, after a quick
introduction to J2ME, I will provide a step-by-step guide to
creating J2ME applications, also known as MIDlets, using a
simple example. This will cover how to test and deploy these
MIDlets as well. Finally, I will round out this installment with
a look at the lifecycle of a MIDlet.
- JDJ Developing
Wireless Bluetooth Applications in J2ME (1/05) Summary
Mobile communication comes into our daily lives very quickly,
and as of today several wireless technologies have become
standard. In this article I'll briefly review Bluetooth
principles and the principles of Java development for Bluetooth
on mobile devices. The Java APIs for the Bluetooth wireless
technology (JABWT) standard, defined by the JSR
82 specification, supports the rapid development of
Bluetooth applications that are portable, secure, and highly
usable.
- JDJ Java
Technology for the Wireless Industry Toys or Tools? (1/05)
The Java Technology for the Wireless Industry specification
(JTWI) encompasses a standard set of J2ME APIs for mobile device
development that is being widely adopted by mobile telephone
service providers, making it an important platform for Java
developers. Its core component, the Mobile Information Device
Profile (MIDP), provides a number of specialized libraries for
multimedia and games development...
- IBM Using
JCE in a J2ME environment (11/04) Secure pervasive
computing technologies with platform-independent solutions.
Today, with the advent of pervasive computing technology, you
can deploy many kinds of applications, including multimedia
services and online interactive games, into a Java 2 Platform,
Micro Edition (J2ME) environment. However, security becomes an
important issue in order for applications to perform AAA
(Authenticate, Authorize, and Audit) operations. Java
Cryptography Extension (JCE) is the widely adopted standard
security library used in Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition
(J2SE) environments. This article helps you transition JCE to
J2ME environments with a platform-independent, troubleshooting
approach.
- IBM Web
Services APIs for J2ME, Part 2: Java API for XML processing
(11/04) The Web Services APIs (WSA) for Java 2 Platform,
Micro Edition (J2ME), as defined by the Java Community Process
Java Specification Request (JSR) 172 (see Resources), defines
two independent optional packages for remote service invocation
and XML parsing. These Java APIs are targeted at both the
Connected Device Configuration (CDC) and the Connected Limited
Device Configuration (CLDC 1.0 and CLDC 1.1)-based profiles.
Because JSR 172 provides support for remote service invocation
(see Web Services API for J2ME, Part 1) and XML parsing at the
device level, you don't have to embed these functions into each
application. This article introduces the Java API for XML
Processing (JAXP) optional package. Also see Web
Services APIs for J2ME, Part 1: Remote service invocation API
(7/04)
- Sun Getting
Started With the Mobile 3D Graphics API for J2ME (9/04)
This tutorial introduces the Mobile 3D Graphics API for the Java
2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME), defined by the Java Community
Process (JCP) in JSR 184. The API is an optional package to be
used with profiles like the Mobile Information Device Profile
(MIDP). After an overview of the API, the article discusses
potential application areas, the differences between JSR 184 and
two related APIs, the classes in the new optional package, the
programming model, the reference implementation, and some
programming examples.
- IBM Web
Services APIs for J2ME, Part 1: Remote service invocation API
(7/04) The Web Services APIs (WSA) for Java 2 Platform,
Micro Edition (J2ME), as defined by the Java Community Process
for the Java Specification Request 172 (JSR 172), are two
independent optional packages for remote service invocation and
XML parsing. These are targeted at both the Connected Device
Configuration (CDC) and the Connected Limited Device
Configuration (CLDC 1.0 and CLDC 1.1)-based profiles. Why should
you care? Because the JSR 172 specification provides support for
remote service invocation and XML parsing at the device level --
this means that developers don't have to embed such
functionality into each application. This article introduces the
remote service invocation optional package API. Also see Web
Services APIs for J2ME, Part 2: Java API for XML processing
(11/04)
- Sun The
J2ME Wireless Toolkit 2.1 (12/03) The J2ME Wireless
Toolkit is a comprehensive set of tools for building MIDP
applications. Version 2.1 includes several significant new
features, which are described in this article. The toolkit can
be used standalone, or incorporated into many popular integrated
development environments (IDEs). Version 5 of Sun One Studio,
Mobile Edition comes with the J2ME Wireless Toolkit 2.1 bundled
in.
- Sun An
Overview of the File Connection Optional Package (9/03)
New J2ME developers are often surprised to discover that the
CLDC and the profiles based on it are not required to support
the reading or writing of files. The Generic Connection
Framework (GCF) defined by the CLDC does provide the basic
scaffolding for file I/O, primarily through the InputConnection,
OutputConnection, and StreamConnection interfaces, but it's up
to specific implementations to expose this capability to
applications. This limitation isn't a bad thing: It allows the
CLDC to be ported to devices without a file system. (Such
devices are more popular than you might think: devices running
Palm OS, for example, do not support file systems in main
memory, only on memory expansion cards.) If a file system is
supported, however, it would be nice to have a standard way of
using it through the GCF. This is the purpose of the File
Connection Optional Package (FCOP) .
- Sun An
Overview of the PIM Optional Package (9/03) Most - if
not all - handheld or wireless devices manufactured today have
the ability to manage information of importance to the end user,
whether it's a calendar of appointments, a file of contacts, or
a list of things to do. This ability is referred to as personal
information management, or PIM for short. The PIM data is stored
persistently on the device, of course, and is normally accessed
by the user via one or more special-purpose applications. Up
until now, however, that data has not been made available to
J2ME applications, because no configuration or profile defines
the necessary programming interfaces. The new PIM Optional
Package fills that hole.
- DevX KXML:
A Great Find for XML Parsing in J2ME (4/03) Enhydra's
kXML is a great little XML parser with a small footprint, making
it perfect for J2ME apps. It uses a unique method of DOM
manipulation and parsing called pull parsing. Find out whether
kXML is must-have for your toolbox. kXML is a compact library
designed for use on J2ME devices, though it may be used in other
contexts where a small XML parser is needed, for example, with
applets. kXML, a project maintained by the Enhydra organization.
- Sun Part
II: The Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless Technology (4/03)
The Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) and Bluetooth
technology are two of the most exciting offerings in the
wireless industry today. J2ME, most compact of the three Java
platforms, is inherently portable because it shares the Java
"write once run anywhere" philosophy and thus enhances
developer productivity. Bluetooth is a short-range universal
wireless connectivity standard for electronic appliances and
mobile devices.
- Sun Wireless
Application Programming with J2ME and Bluetooth (2/03)
This two-part series of articles will show you how to use J2ME
and Bluetooth to develop next-generation wireless applications
for tomorrow's market. This first article covers the basics of
Bluetooth; the next one will concentrate on using the Java APIs
for Bluetooth Wireless Technology (JSR 82) to develop Java
technology-enabled applications for Bluetooth-enabled devices.
- ZDNet Linux
gets standards for 'embedded' devices (2/03) An industry
consortium including Red Hat, MontaVista Software and IBM is
trying to make it easier for companies to use the Linux
operating system in mobile phones, network routers and other
devices. The Embedded Linux Consortium this week released its
first specification in an attempt to ensure that Linux for
"embedded" devices such as mobile phones or karaoke
machines conforms to certain guidelines. The Embedded Linux
Consortium's effort, called the ELC Platform Specification,
helps freeze some aspects of the fluid Linux technology,
providing a more stable foundation for companies thinking of
using Linux in their gadgets.
- JDJ New
PDA Profile (1/03) J2ME developers have long desired the
opportunity to build sophisticated applications for the personal
digital assistant (PDA) market, applications common to
resource-rich desktop computers. One thing stood in their way:
most PDAs lacked resources to efficiently execute those
applications. However, that's about to change with the
introduction of ARM processor-based PDAs and the PDA Profile
that's soon to be incorporated in SDKs and VMs. PDAP is an
extension of the Connected, Limited Device Configuration (CLDC)
1.1 and the Mobile Information Devices Profile (MIDP) 1.0. New
PDAs powered by an enhanced processor are capable of running
both MIDP applications and PDAP applications using a
PDAP-enabled VM.
- ONJava Your
First Micro Java Game (12/02) Mobile phone manufacturers
have embraced Java in a way that not even PC manufacturers have.
Java is clearly one of the platforms of choice for mobile
devices, and an ideal language for throwing together mobile
games. The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) of J2ME is a
subset of the standard Java you know and love, with a few minor
modifications. Writing a basic MIDlet game is simple as apple
pie. This article will show you how to start cookin'.
- Nokia Nokia
launches 9 new products at Nokia Mobile Internet Conference in
Munich (11/02) Strong support for high-quality color and
MMS, as well as innovative new enhancements. Nokia introduces
the latest additions to its strong portfolio of phones, with
high-quality color displays, Java and multimedia messaging (MMS)
support in the active, classic, fashion and premium categories,
as well as a mobile entry phone, a new messaging device, and
three new mobile enhancements. Nokia also announced its
intention to bring mobility to the games industry. Nokia will
bring mobility to the games industry by offering console quality
games for a new mobile game deck product category. The rich
games will be distributed on memory cards.
- DevX Building
Internationalized J2EE Web Applications for Disparate Clients
(11/02) Learn an extensible architecture for building
internationalized Web applications with J2EE that support not
only browsers, but also WAP, IMODE, and other client devices. In
today's competitive world many businesses are becoming global in
order to reach the widest possible target audience. That's a
problem, because applications developed by those organizations
must be suitable for use by customers in many countries who
speak and understand different languages. To complicate matters
further, the formerly limited set of application clients—desktop
machines and browsers—is expanding rapidly. New client types
include handheld computers, phones, and other small-form-factor
devices...
- JDJ MIDP
2.0 (11/02) Several years ago Motorola, Inc., and Sun
Microsystems, Inc., recognized a potential new market for the
Java programming language. Small mobile devices, such as cell
phones, were becoming more powerful but did not provide a common
programming platform. With different processors, operating
systems, and capabilities, it was impossible to write an
application that would work on more than one family of devices.
This situation is ideal for Java its interpretive nature
hides hardware differences and provides a single, consistent set
of APIs for developers to write to. The only problem was that
Java was big, too big for the typical cell phone, whose memory
is measured in kilobytes rather than the megabytes that the Java
Virtual Machine and associated APIs needed. To meet this new
market, the two companies started a development program to trim
the JVM until it could fit into limited, battery-powered mobile
devices.
- JDJ Mobile
Web Services with kSOAP (10/02) The new kid on the
Internet technology block is Web services and its implementation
technology, SOAP. Simple Object Access Protocol is an XML
vocabulary used to describe messaging and remote procedure calls
between distributed components. What About the J2ME Developer?
In the world of mobile devices, a world still constrained by
hardware and network limitations, the concepts behind
distributed computing are slowly taking root. Why cram all the
functionality of a stock ticker or m-commerce application into
one little MIDlet when you could offload much of the
functionality to a server with more resources?
- Unstrung Write
Once, Run Nowhere? (9/02) One size does not fit all.
Developers are finding out the hard way that the Java credo of
"write once, run anywhere" doesn't work in the mobile
world. Proprietary extensions added to the standard by carriers
and handset manufacturers, as well as the wide variety of screen
sizes and keyboard formats that need to be supported, have
veritably nixed some of Java's much-touted portability and reuse
benefits. The need to rework applications for each handset is
especially vexing for games developers, because carriers want
mobile Java (J2ME) games -- which are seen as a major source of
potential revenue -- to look good on each handset they offer.
However, for the developer, this could involve reworking their
initial game many, many times.
- Nokia Building
J2ME MIDlets: The Basics of Persistent Storage (8/02)
This tutorial puts together a small MIDlet that uses package
javax.microedition.rms. This section of the J2ME API facilitates
the persistent storage of data across a MIDlet suite. Beginning
with an overview of the Class and Interface package hierarchy
the article details how to implement MIDP’s persistent storage
package for storage and retrieval of data records.
- JDJ Wireless
J2ME Applications with Java and Bluetooth (8/02) This is
Part 1 of a two-part article that will show you how to write
wireless J2ME applications using Bluetooth. If you're a J2ME
developer, this will quite likely be your first introduction to
Bluetooth. Perhaps you've heard a lot about it, but you're not
sure what it is or how it works. Well, you've come to the right
place. First, we'll look at the Bluetooth protocol, then compare
it to another common wireless technology: 802.11b. Next, we'll
look at the anatomy of a Java Bluetoothenabled device and
examine its components in detail. Later on, we'll dive into the
details and explain the purpose of the Bluetooth stack and
profiles (not to be confused with J2ME profiles). Finally, we'll
wrap up by providing some example code that shows how to
initialize your Bluetooth stack according to the Java APIs for
Bluetooth (JSR-821.0a).
- ZDNet J2ME
vs BREW for wireless development (7/02) Find out the
similarities and key differences between Sun's Java Micro
Edition and Qualcomm's Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless.
So far, WAP has been more or less the only standard providing
basic access to Web-based services using a microbrowser on the
mobile device. However, next-generation wireless devices, such
as smart phones, raise application functionality expectations.
Two vendors, Sun and Qualcomm, are attempting to meet this
challenge by offering a new model for online access to wireless
applications. Sun Microsystems’s Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
and Qualcomm’s Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
are two emerging technologies that provide a new model for
online access by allowing applications to be downloaded from the
Web...
- Builder.com Making
sense of the J2ME alphabet soup (5/02) When Sun revamped
its Java technology in an attempt to more closely match a
developer's target platform, the Java platform was split into
three specialized platforms: the Standard, Enterprise, and Micro
Editions. The Micro Edition, or J2ME as it has since become
known, was intended to offer a Java development platform
specifically designed for low memory- and horsepower- challenged
mobile devices. On the surface, this would seem to be a good
thing for developers hoping to leverage mobile computing for an
application. However, the term "mobile devices" covers
quite a bit of territory, including the traditional PDA,
so-called smart phones, pagers, and even GPS units—all of
which represent very different hardware configurations...
- JDJ Targeting
GPS - Integrating J2ME, GPS, and the Wireless Web (3/02)
For location-based services, the open frameworks of J2ME and
J2EE create interesting opportunities in the fields of software
development and applied statistics. Traditionally, the software
industry in these services has been closed and, as a result, the
industry has suffered stagnation, particularly in the area of
distributed systems and integration. Just look at this most
recent example – U.S. cell phone carriers didn’t meet the
FCC October 2001 mandate for automatic location-based tracking
for 911 calls over their networks. The most common reasons the
carriers gave for missing the deadline were high costs and an
inability to install the network infrastructure.
- IDG Should
Wireless Java Be More Secure? (3/02) One expert says
current methods of security are a "joke", but others
claim they are getting the job done. The current Java standard
for use in phones, pagers, and some other wireless gadgets falls
way short of security requirements, an industry expert said this
week, although an improved version is in the pipeline. The
version of Java available for wireless devices today, a subset
of Java 2 Micro Edition known as the Mobile Internet Device
Profile, or MIDP, depends largely on a "sandbox"
method to secure devices against viruses and other malicious
code. Downloaded programs run in a quarantined area from which
access to other software on a device is restricted.
- JDJ Wireless
Devices - Java's Next Home (2/02) Software that
leapfrogs the intelligence and usability of wireless devices is
quite a captivating pitch, yet we shouldn't forget a similarly
proffered claim regarding Java on PCs when it became mainstream
in 1995. Ultimately, it never took off on the client side, even
though it enjoys tremendous success on the server side,
resulting in a dedicated and growing base of developers. What
could possibly make a mobile and Java combination so much more
compelling and captivating than its somewhat failed union with
the PC? Will Java truly occupy the new breed of intelligent
mobile devices as its new home? I believe so - and a little bit
of history can help explain why.
- JDJ A
Dodgy Character (11/01) After what seems like months of
waiting (and it probably has been), a color mobile phone (as
opposed to a PDA/phone combination) has finally appeared on the
British market. With a 101x80 pixel 256-color STN display, an
e-mail application, calendar, games, and PC synchronization, it
has everything you might want in a mobile...hang on a
minute...where's the Java?
- IBM Think
small with J2ME. Java platform offers opportunities on
small, networked devices. The Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition
(J2ME) offers great tools for developers, porting the Java
platform's network-centric and platform-agnostic worldview down
to memory- and processor-limited devices. Soma Ghosh explains
the basics of the J2ME world, showing you the building blocks of
the platform and demonstrating a sample application. Transition
of the Java VM: From desktop to microdevice, J2ME architecture
and configuration, Programming J2ME with MIDP APIs: The building
blocks...
- IBM Remote
AWT for Java The Remote Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)
for Java is an implementation of AWT and Swing for Java that
allows Java applications to run unchanged in a client/server
mode. It allows any Java application running on one host to
display its GUI components on a remote host and to receive all
the events that are posted to its component in the remote host.
- Java Dev Journal J2ME
FAQ (9/01) Answers to commonly asked questions about
J2ME.
- Java Dev Journal Making
Java Work with Embedded Devices (9/01) series on the
benefits of using the Java development and runtime environment
for embedded computing. Java, with its "write once, run
anywhere" paradigm, is ideal for embedded computing because
of its portability, reliability, security, and Internet
capabilities.
- WirelessDevNet Network
Programming with J2ME Wireless Devices Sun’s J2ME
offers a great development platform for developing applications
for the embedded electronics and mobile devices. In J2ME , the
Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) defines a generic
"configuration" for a broad range of handheld devices.
On top of CLDC, the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is
defined specifically for wireless devices such as cell phones
and two-way pagers. Wireless device manufacturers need to
implement MIDP in order to support Java applications on their
devices. For example, Motorola is going to release the MIDP
implementation for its iDEN mobile phone family in the Q1 of
2001. Research In Motion is also going to release the MIDP
implementation for its Blackberry pager family soon.
- WirelessAdWatch Future
Phones Wireless 101 for Marketers, Part IV Java, BREW
and Bluetooth are coming to your mobile phone. No, we don't mean
caffeine or alcohol-laced beverages, or indigo-colored molars.
In wireless phone lingo, these terms stand for the Binary
Runtime Environment for Wireless platform (BREW); a special
version of Java called Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) and
a wireless technology named after Viking King Harald Bluetooth.
These cutting-edge technologies won't run on your run-of-the
mill wireless phone, but the newest crop of devices being
released are taking advantage of these capabilities. Some of the
phones are also designed to work on faster, next-generation
wireless networks, and some are sporting larger, color screens
and doubling as personal digital assistants (PDAs).
- ONJava.com Embedded
Java Java's strong appeal for embedded applications is
sometimes offset by concerns about its speed and its memory
requirements. However, there are techniques that you can use to
boost Java performance and reduce memory needs, and of course
the Java virtual machine you choose affects Java performance,
too. You can make better-informed decisions about using Java by
understanding the factors that affect its performance and
selecting meaningful benchmarks for embedded applications.
- WirelessAdWatch A
Tiny Dose of Java Adds Smarts to Phones Advertising on a
wireless phone? On that tiny screen? With no color or movement,
and only awkward interactive capabilities? Despite the wireless
hype, serious questions remain about the capabilities of
advertising on this nascent medium. Even Internet marketing,
after all, still hasn't won over creative types who question its
ability to emotionally involve an audience with the brand.
Wireless has even larger hurdles to overcome. One innovation
that may change that is coming to a cell phone near you. It's
called mobile Java, or, more precisely, Java 2 Platform, Micro
Edition (J2ME). J2ME is a platform that sits on top of a phone's
operating system and it brings added flexibility to a previously
"dumb" device. Basically, it enables the phone to run
applications just like a computer, and lets users download and
install whatever programs they're interested in. A Remedy for
WAP's Shortcomings? The growth of the platform will have several
implications for marketers. First of all, J2ME can give
developers better control over the user interface -- a
capability thought critical by those who've criticized WAP as
being too clunky.
- Sun Regular
Expressions and the Java Programming Language The Java 2
Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) contains a new package called
java.util.regex, enabling the use of regular expressions. Now
functionality includes the use of meta characters, which gives
regular expressions versatility.
- Micro Java Network
From
PersonalJava to J2ME: Some Introductory Ideas Cell
phones, PDAs, Pagers and Set-Top Boxes are increasingly present
in our day-to-day lives -- wireless devices are experiencing an
exponential growth. The combination of Internet access
capabilities with powerful physical resources is making a
revolution in the way that millions of people lead their lives,
both professionally as personally. Consequently, the biggest
priority is to provide a rich set of applications and services,
so it can improve and facilitate the usability potential,
optimizing market opportunities. This scenario led Sun to the
introduction of software components that standardize the use of
Java technology in wireless devices. This step brought a radical
change in this market. It offers an open platform, making the
bridge between users, network operators, content providers and
application developers. Benefits like dynamic application
delivery, inter-platform compatibility, graphical interface
enrichment, or security, are essential, bringing a whole new set
of perspectives to this market. Therefore, Java stands up as the
next and decisive step in the wireless industry.
- Sun MIDP
Network Programming using HTTP and the Connection Framework
(11/00) The Java 2 Standard Edition (J2SE) and the Java
2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platforms provide a powerful set of
libraries for the development of networked applications for
desktop machines. As these libraries require several megabytes
of memory to run, they are not suitable for hand-held devices
with a small memory footprint. This article introduces the
details of the generic Connection framework used in MIDP, and
shows how to develop network applications using that framework.
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